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Toxipedia: C
cadmium
An extremely toxic heavy metal most commonly found where ore is being smelted or processed. Used in electroplating, welding and in industrial paints, over exposure can lead to death. The risk of over exposure is increased by the fact that the characteristic brown fume emitted by cadmium when it is heated is not irritating enough to alert the person being exposed.
carbon dioxide
Chemical Formula: CO (2); is an odorless chemical compound composed of two (2) oxygen atoms, covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure existing naturally in Earth's Atmosphere. Consumed in Organic Respiration, Carbon Dioxide is also generated as a bi-product of the combustion from fossil fuels, the burning of organic matter, and other chemical processes.
carbon monoxide
Produced when fuels do not burn completely. All combustion requires air for fuel to burn efficiently. When any fuel-burning appliance is inadequately ventilated, or is not operating properly, carbon monoxide is produced. In the home, most cases of carbon monoxide poisoning involve gas appliances like ranges, heaters, and clothes dryers. Wood-, coal-, or kerosene-burning appliances can also emit carbon monoxide.The US Product Safety Commission, in Product Safety Fact Sheet #13, says that hundreds of people die of carbon monoxide poisoning each year. Early symptoms of poisoning are much like flu symptoms and include headache, dizziness, and inability to concentrate. More serious poisoning can cause nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, convulsions, unconsciousness, and death.
carboxymethy cellulose
Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) is a cellulose derivative with Carboxymethyl groups (-CH(2)-COOH), bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the Glucopyranose Monomers which make up the cellulose backbone. Commonly used in Sodium Salt (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose), CMC's are also found in food products as a thickener (Ex. Ice Cream) and/or natural preservative as well as in non-food products because of its non-toxic and non-allergenic properties (Toothpastes, Laxatives, Detergents and a host of other products) which require a binding medium.
cellulose
An amorphous polymer (substance formed by combining many small molecules) that is the chief constituent of plant tissues and fibers, used to make paper, cellophane, textiles and explosives.
CFC
All CFCs are human created organic chemicals. They are used as cooling agents in cars and home air conditioners, refrigerators, medical solvents, Styrofoam, house insulation, and aerosol cans (banned in U.S., but still used in many areas around the world). The contained use of CFCs is not itself harmful, the problem results when CFCs leak into the environment.Once loose chlorine from CFCs migrates into the upper atmosphere and destroy ozone molecules that form the earth’s protective layer. CFC’s contribute to global warming and are the primary culprit responsible for ozone depletion.
chipboard
A Chipboard is pressed thick fiber paper, commonly made from recycled paper (or a combination of compressed wood pulp, sawdust and scrap chips). Chipboards are used for the backing of notepads, backing of stacks of business forms, and in scrapbooking used to ship stacks of sheets of paper to scrapbook stores.
chlorinated hydrocarbons
Used as pesticides to control fungi, molds, insects, and rodents Often found in new carpet.
Chlorinated Phosphate
Chlorinated Phosphate also known as CPE (Chlorinated - Cl% + PO (4)), is used as an impact modifier for rigid vinyl products (a strong plastic composition) and is also incorporated in rubberized products such as wire, cable, hose, sponge and various molded goods.
chlorine
The active ingredient in bleach, also found in cleansers, table salt (sodium chloride), plastics (polyvinyl chloride), aerosol propellants (chlorofluorocarbons) and pesticides.Possible effects of chlorine exposure include eye, ear nose and throat irritation. Ingestion can cause esophageal injury, stomach irritation, and prolonged nausea and vomiting. Bleach, when mixed with acidic substances such as ammonia, toilet bowl cleaners, drain cleaner, or vinegar, forms deadly chloramine gas.
chlorine bleach
Chlorine and caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) combine to form sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in chlorine bleach. Chlorine bleach works by chemically changing the staining substance to prevent it from absorbing light.
Color Rating Index
Some times called the, "color rendering index", is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source. Light sources with a high CRI are desirable in color-critical applications such as photography and cinematography.
compact fluorescent
Compact fluorescent light bulbs are a long-lasting, energy-efficient alternative to standard incandescent bulbs. Many compact fluorescent bulbs are now flicker-free and approximate the light quality of incandescent bulbs. They produce light though an electronic process instead of using a heating filament.
complex phosphate
Complex phosphates of aluminum contain a halogen and a chemically-bound molecule of a hydroxy-based compound most common in water. A typical example of a complex phosphate has an empirical formulate Al P Cl H(11) O(9). They are most conveniently prepared by the reaction of an aluminum halide with water and ortho-phosphoric acid, under relatively cool conditions.
The compounds are generally soluble in water and magnetically polar organic solvents. Complex phosphates decompose at low temperatures to give aluminum ortho-phosphate, thereby producing aluminum phosphate in many forms, for example, fibers, coatings, binders and fine particles, from a solution in organic solvents.
compost
A mixture primarily composed of decayed organic matter used for soil conditioning and fertilization. Composting is the process of converting rotting vegetation (compost) into partially decomposed of plant or animal matter (humus) to enrich the soil.
Compostableware
A variety of compostable products used principally in the food industry to replace traditional disposable plastic tableware. Typical products include cups, plates, and cutlery.
cryptosporidium
A parasitic organism which causes infection in the large and small intestine, through fecally contaminated materials or water; typically from animals to humans or humans to humans. Recently cryptosporidium has been recognized as a worldwide cause of diarrhea in all age groups, including traveler's and acute childhood diarrhea.
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